Regulation of Dangerous Goods
Main ContentChapter 1.2 Units of Measurement
| 1.2.1 |
Table for Units of Measurement
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| 1.2.1.1 | The following units of measurement* are applicable in the Code: |
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Measurement of: |
SI Unit a |
Acceptable alternative unit |
Relationship between units |
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Length |
m (metre) |
– |
– |
|
Area |
m2 (square metre) |
– |
– |
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Volume |
m3 (cubic metre) |
L b (litre) |
1 L = 10-3 m3 |
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Time |
s (second) |
min (minute) |
1 min = 60 s |
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h (hour) |
1 h = 3600 s |
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d (day) |
1 d = 86,400 s |
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Mass |
kg (kilogram) |
g (gram) |
1 g = 10-3 kg |
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t (tonne) |
1 t = 103 kg |
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Mass density |
kg/m3 |
kg/L |
1 kg/L = 103 kg/m3 |
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Temperature |
K (kelvin) |
°C (degree Celsius) |
0°C = 273.15 K |
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Difference of temperature |
K (kelvin) |
°C (degree Celsius) |
1°C = 1 K |
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Force |
N (newton) |
– |
1 N = 1 kg˙m/s2 |
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Pressure |
Pa (pascal) |
bar (bar) |
1 bar = 105 Pa |
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1 Pa = 1 N/m2 |
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Stress |
N/m2 |
N/mm2 |
1 N/mm2 = 1 MPa |
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Work |
J (joule) |
kWh (kilowatt hour) |
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ |
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Energy |
J (joule) |
– |
1 J = 1 N˙m = 1 W˙s |
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Quantity of heat |
J (joule) |
eV (electronvolt) |
1 eV = 0.1602 x 10-18 J |
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Power |
W (watt) |
– |
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 N˙m/s |
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Electrical resistance |
Ω (ohm |
– |
1Ω = 1 kg • m² • s-³ • A-² |
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Kinematic viscosity |
m2/s |
mm2/s |
1 mm2/s = 10-6 m2/s |
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Dynamic viscosity |
Pa˙s |
mPa˙s |
1 mPa˙s = 10-3Pa˙s |
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Conductivity |
S/m (siemens/metre) |
– |
– |
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* The following round figures are applicable for the conversion of the units hitherto used into The International System of Units (SI). a SI is the result of decisions taken at the General Conference on Weights and Measures. b The abbreviation “l” for litre may also be used in place of the abbreviation “L”. |
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Force 1 kg = 9.807 N 1 N = 0.102 kg
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Stress 1 kg/mm2 = 9.807 N/mm2 1 N/mm2 = 0.102 kg/mm2 |
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Pressure 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = 10-5 bar 1 bar = 105 Pa 1 kg/cm2 = 9.807 x 104 Pa 1 torr = 1.33 x 102 Pa
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= 1.02 x 10-5 kg/cm2 = 1.02 kg/cm2 = 0.9807 bar = 1.33 x 10-3 bar |
= 0.75 x 10-2 torr = 750 torr = 736 torr = 1.36 x 10-3kg/cm2 |
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Work, Energy, Quantity of heat |
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1 J = 1 N˙m |
= 0.278 x 10-6 kWh |
= 0.102 kg˙m |
= 0.239 x 10-3 kcal |
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1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 J |
= 367 x 103 kg˙m |
= 860 kcal |
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1 kg˙m = 9.807 J |
= 2.72 x 10-6 kWh |
= 2.34 x 10-3 kcal |
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1 kcal = 4.19 x 103 J
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= 1.16 x 10-3 kWh |
= 427 kg˙m |
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Power |
|
Kinematic viscosity |
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1 W = 0.102 kg˙m/s |
= 0.86 kcal/h |
1 m2/s = 104 St (Stokes) |
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1 kg˙m/s = 9.807 W |
= 8.43 kcal/h |
1 St = 10-4 m2/s |
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1 kcal/h = 1.16 W
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= 0.119 kg˙m/s |
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Dynamic viscosity |
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1 Pa˙s = 1 N˙s/m2 |
= 10 P (poise) |
= 0.102 kg˙s/m2 |
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1 P = 0.1 Pa˙s |
= 0.1 N˙s/m2 |
= 1.02 x 10-2 kg˙s/m2 |
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1 kg˙s/m2 = 9.807 Pa˙s |
= 9.807 N˙s/m2 |
= 98.07 P |
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The decimal multiples and sub-multiples of a unit may be formed by prefixes or symbols, having the following meanings, placed before the name or symbol of the unit:
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Multiplying Factor |
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|
Prefix |
Symbol |
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1,000,000,000,000,000,000 |
= |
1018 |
(quintillion) |
exa |
E |
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1,000,000,000,000,000 |
= |
1015 |
(quadrillion) |
peta |
P |
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1,000,000,000,000 |
= |
1012 |
(trillion) |
tera |
T |
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1,000,000,000 |
= |
109 |
(billion) |
giga |
G |
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1,000,000 |
= |
106 |
(million) |
mega |
M |
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1,000 |
= |
103 |
(thousand) |
kilo |
k |
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100 |
= |
102 |
(hundred) |
hecto |
h |
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10 |
= |
101 |
(ten) |
deca |
da |
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0.1 |
= |
10-1 |
(tenth) |
deci |
d |
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0.01 |
= |
10-2 |
(hundredth) |
centi |
c |
|
0.001 |
= |
10-3 |
(thousandth) |
milli |
m |
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0.000,001 |
= |
10-6 |
(millionth) |
micro |
μ |
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0.000,000,001 |
= |
10-9 |
(billionth) |
nano |
n |
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0.000,000,000,001 |
= |
10-12 |
(trillionth) |
pico |
p |
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0.000,000,000,000,001 |
= |
10-15 |
(quadrillionth) |
femto |
f |
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0.000,000,000,000,000,001 |
= |
10-18 |
(quintillionth) |
atto |
a |
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Note: 109= 1 billion is United Nations usage in English. By analogy, so 10-9 = 1 billionth. |
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| 1.2.1.2 |
Whenever the mass of a package is mentioned, the gross mass is meant unless otherwise stated.
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| 1.2.1.3 |
Unless expressly stated otherwise, the sign “%” represents:
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(a) in the case of mixtures of solids or of liquids, and also in the case of solutions and of solids wetted by a liquid: a percentage mass based on the total mass of the mixture, the solution or the wetted solid;
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(b) in the case of mixtures of compressed gases: when filled by pressure, the proportion of the volume indicated as a percentage of the total volume of the gaseous mixture, or, when filled by mass, the proportion of the mass indicated as a percentage of the total mass of the mixture;
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(c) in the case of mixtures of liquefied gases and gases dissolved under pressure: the proportion of the mass indicated as a percentage of the total mass of the mixture.
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| 1.2.1.4 |
Pressures of all kinds relating to pressure receptacles (such as test pressure, internal pressure, safety-valve opening pressure) are always indicated in gauge pressure (pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure); however, the vapour pressure of substances is always expressed in absolute pressure. |